| Article Citation and Permalink (APA format) | Solvik, E., & Struksnes, S. (2018). Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice. Nursing Research and Practice, 2018, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8984028
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Wong, H., Karaca, Z., & Gibson, T. B. (2018). A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 004695801880090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018800906
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| Point | Description | Description | |
| Broad Topic Area/Title | Training Nursing Skills: A Quantitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences before and after Clinical Practice
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A Quantitative Observational Study of Physician Influence on Hospital Costs
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| Identify Independent and Dependent Variables and Type of Data for the Variables | Independent variable:
Training nursing skills Dependent variable: Nursing students experience before and after clinical practice |
Independent variable:
Hospital costs Dependent variable: Physician influence on hospital costs
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| The population of Interest for the Study | The population of the study involved nursing students in their first year of bachelor’s program. The population entailed both female and male students. | The Health Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) 2008 State Inpatient Databases(SID) for Arizona and Florida. The target population in these states was physicians. | |
| Sample | For the sampling, 160 students participated. They were divided into two classes whereby class 1 (N=79) was identified as the control group, and class 2 (N=81)was the project group. | Samples were collected from various hospitals in 2 states with over 15,237 physicians. These were Arizona and Florida, where the research and 2.5 million hospital visits. | |
| Sampling Method | The implemented sampling method was the use of questionnaires to be filled out by each student before submission. These questionnaires were answered in six-month intervals, one after the training session and the second after the clinical practice. The questionnaires were also coded with numbers such that the numbers represented a specific student and the class affiliation. | The hierarchy model or framework was applied to collect and analyze the samples on the number of variations attributed to physicians’ characteristics on the hospitalization cost.
The sampling method was designed to control physician characteristics, patient demographics, clinical risks, hospital attributes, and socioeconomic traits. |
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| Descriptive Statistics (Mean, Median, Mode; Standard Deviation)
Identify examples of descriptive statistics in the article. |
A total of 160 nursing students were invited to participate in the study on their experiences before and after clinical practice. 158 students carried through to populating the questionnaires, with 96 (61%) of them responding. 45% were from the control group, while 55% came from the project group. | The results identified that the average cost of inpatient hospital visits was $9171 and $8679 for non-teaching hospitals. Out of the 15237, 7993 physicians worked at teaching hospitals, and 2995 were involved in both settings. The average age for all physicians was years. Females covered 26.5% of the participant population. A third of the population graduated from medical school. 16.4% of the sample population were satisfied board surgeons, while 31.7% had internal medicine certification. | |
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